- January 20
- Ship City of Boston vanishes at sea with all 177 aboard. [1]
- Hiram R Revels elected to fill unexpired term of Jefferson Davis. [1]
- January 23
- 173 Blackfoot Indians (140 women and children) killed in Montana by US Army. [1]
- January 25
- Soda fountain patented by Gustavus Dows. [1]
- January 26
- Cesare Pugni composer, dies at age 67. [1]
- January 27
- First sorority (Kappa Alpha Theta) (DePauw University in Greencastle Indiana). [1]
- Manitoba and Northwest Territories incorporated. [1]
- February 2
- Mark Twain, 34, marries Olivia Langdon in Elmira New York. [1]
- The Cardiff Giant (supposed petrified human) proved to be gypsum. [1]
- February 3
- 15th Amendment (Black suffrage) passed. [1]
- February 5
- First motion picture shown to a theater audience, Philadelphia. [1]
- February 9
- Grant signs the bill establishing Federal Meteorological Service. [1]
- February 10
- City of Anaheim incorporates (first time). [1]
- YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) is founded (New York City, New York). [1]
- February 11
- Jacob M de Kempenaer Dutch Minister of Internal Affairs (1848-49), dies at age 76. [1]
- Leopold Eugen Mechura composer, dies at age 66. [1]
- February 12
- Official proclamation sets April 15 as last day of grace for US silver coins to circulate in Canada. [1]
- February 15
- Ground broken for Northern Pacific Railway near Duluth Minnesota. [1]
- February 17
- Esther Morris appointed first female judge. [1]
- February 22
- US naval commander Thomas Selfridge begins a survey of the Isthmus of Darien in Nicaragua, at Caledonia Bay. [722.41]
- February 26
- First New York City subway line opens (pneumatic powered). [1] [5]
- Wyatt Outlaw black leader of Union League in North Carolina, lynched. [1]
- March 1
- Francisco S López President of Paraguay (1862-70), dies at age 43. [1]
- March 7
- Cincinnati Red Stockings, first pro BB team, begin 8-month tour of Midwest and East. [1]
- March 9
- Theodore Labarre composer, dies at age 65. [1]
- March 10
- Isaak-Ignaz Moscheles composer, dies at age 75. [1]
- March 14
- California legislature approves act making Golden Gate Park possible. [1]
- March 17
- Massachusetts legislature authorizes incorporation of Wellesley Female Seminary. [1]
- March 18
- First US National Wildlife Preserve (Lake Meritt in Oakland CA). [1]
- Joaquin y Garbayo Gaztambide composer, dies at age 48. [1]
- March 19
- Antônio Carlos Gomes's opera "Il Guarany" premieres in Milan Italy. [1]
- March 30
- 15th Amendment passes, guarantees right to vote regardless of race. [1]
- April 1
- Patrick Gass Sergeant of Lewis and Clark Expedition, dies at age 98. [1]
- April 2
- Victoria Woodhull is nominated for US President. [1]
- April 4
- Golden Gate Park established by City Order #800. [1]
- April 8
- Charles-Auguste de Beriot Belgian violinist/composer, dies at age 68. [1]
- April 9
- American Anti-Slavery Society dissolves. [1]
- April 13
- Metropolitan Museum of Art forms in New York City. [1]
- April 15
- Last day US silver coins are allowed to circulate in Canada. [1] [618.77]
- April 16
- Anatoli O Demidov Russian ruler of Donato/traveller, dies. [1]
- Vaudeville Theatre Strand opens in London. [1]
- April 19
- Andreas Schelfhout painter/etcher/lithographer, dies at age 83. [1]
- Camille Marie Stamaty composer, dies at age 59. [1]
- William Henry Havergal composer, dies at age 77. [1]
- April 27
- Heinrich Schliemann discovers Troi. [1]
- May 1
- Francisco Solano López fieldmarshal/President of Paraguay. [1]
- May 12
- Manitoba becomes a province of Canada. [1]
- May 14
- Ramon Vilanova y Barrera composer, dies at age 69. [1]
- May 20
- Second Chamber abolishes capital punishment. [1]
- May 24
- Memoria of Jackson Kemper, first Missionary Bishop in US. [1]
- May 25
- Irish Fenians raid Eccles Hill, Québec. [1]
- May 30
- Gustave Vogt composer, dies at age 89. [1]
- May 31
- US Congress passes first Enforcement Act (rights of blacks). [1]
- E J DeSemdt patents asphalt pavement. [1]
- June 9
- Charles Dickens author, dies in England. [1]
- June 14
- All-pro Cincinnati Red Stockings suffer first loss in 130 games. [1]
- June 22
- US Congress creates Department of Justice. [1]
- June 25
- The opera "Die Walküre" is produced (Munich). [1]
- June 26
- First section of Atlantic City (New Jersey) Boardwalk opens. [1]
- June 30
- Ada Kepley becomes first female law college graduate. [1]
- July 8
- US Congress authorizes registration of trademarks. [1]
- Governor Holden of North Carolina declares Casswell County in a state of insurrection. [1]
- July 15
- Hudson's Bay and Northwest Territories transferred to Canada. [1]
- Manitoba becomes 5th Canadian province and NW Territories created. [1]
- July 19
- France declares war on Prussia; the Franco-Prussian war begins. [1]
- July 24
- First trans-US rail service begins. [1]
- July 30
- Staten Island ferry "Westfield" burns, killing 100. [1]
- August 6
- White conservatives suppresed black vote and captured Tenn legislature. [1]
- August 15
- Transcontinental Railway actually completed. [1]
- August 17
- First ascent of Mount Rainier, Washington. [1]
- August 28
- England's White Star Line launches the Oceanic ship; 420 feet long, 3807 tons. [274.11]
- September 2
- German Otto von Bismark captures the Sudan, capturing French Emperor Napoleon III and 83,000 French troops. [1] [497.56]
- September 4
- Third French republic proclaimed by Léon Gambetta in Paris as they overthrow their king. [1] [722.55]
- September 27
- Henry TP Comstock Canadian silver prospector, dies at age 50. [1]
- October 2
- Italy annexes Rome and Papal States; Rome made Italian capital. [1] [5]
- October 12
- Robert E Lee, General of the Confederate Army, dies at age 63. [1] [5]
- October 19
- First (4) blacks elected to House of Reps. [1]
- October 20
- In Canada, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurs, centered between Montreal and Quebec in the Saint Lawrence Valley. The shock was felt over an area estimated to be at least a million square miles including Sault Sainte Marie. [53]
- October 25
- Pimlico Race Course opens in Baltimore. [1]
- Postcards first used in US. [1]
- November 1
- US Weather Bureau begins operations (24 locations). [1]
- November 8
- Democratic governor elected in Tennessee. [1]
- December 5
- Alexandre Dumas writer (The Three Musketeers, The Count of Monte Cristo), dies at age 68. [1]
- December 16
- Stanislaw Duniecki composer, dies at age 31. [1]
- December 17
- Giuseppe Saverio Raffaele Mercadante composer, dies at age 75. [1]
- December 22
- Constantine D Uschinsky Russian educator, dies at age 46. [1]
- Jules Janssen flies in a balloon in order to study a solar eclipse. [1]
- December 24
- Giusseppi Verdi's "Aida" premieres at Cairo Opera, one year after the opening of the Suez Canal, for which it was commissioned. [1]
- December 26
- The 12.8-km long Fréjus Rail Tunnel through the Alps is completed. [5]
- December 28
- Alexey Fyodorovich L'vov composer, dies at age 72. [1]
- Peter van Schendel Dutch painter, dies at age 64. [1]
- December 30
- Prim Spanish general, murdered. [1]
- December 31
- J D Schneiter patents rocket mail in France, (not done). [1]
1871
- January 1
- Belgium disbands salt tax. [1]
- January 2
- King Amadeus I of Spain inaugurated at age 25. [1]
- January 3
- Oleomargarine patented by Henry Bradley, Binghamton New York. [1]
- January 10
- Pierre A du Terrail French writer, dies at age 41. [1]
- January 16
- Jefferson Long of Georgia sworn in as second black congressman. [1]
- January 17
- First cable car patented, by Andrew S Hallidie (begins service in 1873). [1]
- January 18
- In occupied Paris, France, at the Palace of Versailles, Wilhelm I is proclaimed German emperor by the German princes. The second German Empire is proclaimed by Kaiser Wilhelm I and Bismarck. [1] [37] [650.92]
- January 19
- First Negro lodge of US Masons approved, New Jersey. [1]
- January 21
- John J Rochussen Governor-General of Netherlands-Indies (1845-51), dies at age 73. [1]
- January 26
- US income tax repealed. [1]
- January 28
- Paris surrenders to Prussians. [1]
- January 31
- Millions of birds fly over western San Francisco, darken the sky. [1]
- February 1
- Alexander Nikoleyevich Serov composer, dies at age 51. [1]
- February 9
- Federal fish protection office authorized byUS Congress. [1]
- February 20
- In Molokai, Hawaii, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. This earthquake caused severe damage on the islands of Lanai, Molokai, and Maui, and minor damage on Hawaii and Oahu. [53]
- February 24
- Théodore Caruelle d'Aligny French painter/etcher, dies at age 73. [1]
- February 26
- Charles Niellon Belgian brigade general, dies at age 76. [1]
- February 27
- Meeting of Alabama claims commission. [1]
- February 28
- Second Enforcement Act gives federal control of congressional elections. [1]
- March 1
- J Milton Turner named minister to Liberia. [1]
- March 2
- White Star Line's Oceanic ship makes its maiden voyage. [274.11]
- March 3
- US Congress changes Indian tribes status from independent to dependent. [1]
- US Congress establishes the civil service system. [1]
- March 16
- First fertilizer law enacted. [1]
- March 18
- Communards revolt in Paris France. [1]
- March 20
- Antonio Buzzolla composer, dies at age 56. [1]
- March 21
- Journalist Henry Morton Stanley begins his search through Africa for the missing British explorer Dr. David Livingstone. [1] [129]
- Otto von Bismarck elevated Fürst. [1]
- March 22
- William Holden of North Carolina is first governor removed from office by impeachment. [1]
- March 26
- François-Joseph Fétis Belgian musicologist/composer, dies at age 87. [1]
- Paris Commune founded. [1]
- March 28
- San Francisco Art Association holds open reception at 430 Pine. [1]
- March 29
- Albert Hall is opened by Queen Victoria in London. [1]
- March 30
- W F A A Louisa/Lovisa queen of Sweden/Norway, dies at age 42. [1]
- April 5
- Georg Andreas Henkel composer, dies at age 66. [1]
- April 7
- Alexander grandson of English queen Victoria, dies at one day old. [1]
- Wilhelm Freiherr von Tegetthoff Austrian Admiral (Helgoland/Lissa), dies at age 43. [1]
- April 8
- Charles-Louis Hanssens composer, dies at age 68. [1]
- April 14
- Canada sets denominations of currency as dollars, cents, and mills. [1]
- April 16
- German Empire ends all anti-Jewish civil restrictions. [1]
- April 18
- Omar Pasha [Michael Lats] Croatian Governor, dies at age 64. [1]
- April 20
- Third Enforcement Act (President can suspend writ of habeas corpus). [1]
- April 21
- Elisabeth Grube writer, dies. [1]
- April 23
- Blossom Rock in San Francisco Bay blown up. [1]
- April 24
- Giuseppe Verdi's opera "Aida" is produced (Cairo). [1]
- April 27
- Sigismond Fortune François Thalberg composer, dies at age 59. [1]
- April 29
- John Gelinde van Blom Fries notary/author, dies at age 75. [1]
- April 30
- Apaches in Arizona surrender to white and Mexican adventurers; 144 die. [1]
- May 8
- English-US treaty ends Alabama dispute. [1]
- May 10
- Peace of Frankfurt-am-Main concluded between France and Germany; France cedes Elzas. [1]
- May 11
- John Herschel cataloguer of southern hemisphere stars, dies at age 79. [1]
- May 12
- Daniel-François-Esprit Auber French opera composer, dies at age 89. [1]
- John F W Herschel British astronomer (Catalogue of Nebulae), dies. [1]
- Segregated street cars integrated in Louisville Kentucky. [1]
- May 17
- Indians fighter General Sherman escapes in ambulance versus Comanches. [1]
- May 21
- French regular troops attack Commune of Paris; 17,000 die. [1]
- May 24
- Francisco Salvador Daniel composer, dies at age 40. [1]
- May 26
- Aime Maillart composer, dies at age 54. [1]
- May 28
- Paris communards revolt put down. [1]
- June 13
- Hurricane kills 300 in Labrador. [1]
- June 16
- Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine founded, New York City. [1]
- June 20
- Ku Klux Klan trials begin in federal court in Oxford Mississippi. [1]
- June 27
- The yen becomes the new money unit of Japan. [506.40]
- June 30
- Guatemala revolts for agarian reforms. [1]
- July 20
- British Columbia becomes 6th Canadian province. [1]
- July 23
- C H F Peters discovers asteroid #114 Kassandra. [1]
- July 25
- Carrousel patented by Wilhelm Schneider, Davenport, Iowa. [1]
- October 8
- Great Chicago Fire kills 200, destroys over 4 square miles (10 square km) of Chicago buildings, and original Emancipation Proclamation. Three other major fires take place on the shores of Lake Michigan. (In 1944, the estate of Louis Cohn releases a letter claiming he knocked over a lantern in a barn while playing craps with friends.) [1] [80.147] [187.283] [565.104]
- October 17
- President Grant suspends writ of habeas corpus. [1]
- October 24
- Mob in Los Angeles hangs 18 Chinese. [1]
- October 27
- Boss Tweed (William Macy Tweed), Democratic leader of Tammany Hall, arrested after New York Times exposed his corruption. [1]
- Journalist Henry Morton Stanley greets the missing British explorer Dr. David Livingstone in Ujiji near Lake Tanganyika with the words "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?". [129] (November 10 [1])
- November 21
- Moses Gale patents a cigar lighter. [1]
- November 22
- Oscar J Dunn (Lieutenant Governor-Louisiana), dies suddenly, charges he was poisoned. [1]
- November 24
- National Rifle Association organized (New York City). [1]
- November 28
- Ku Klux Klan trials begin in Federal District Court in South Carolina. [1]
- December 12
- Jules Janssen discovers dark lines in solar corona spectrum. [1]
- December 16
- Willibald Alexis German writer (Schloss Avalon), dies at age 73. [1]
- December 19
- Albert L Jones (New York City, New York), patents corrugated paper. [1]
- December 26
- Gilbert and Sullivan collaborate for the first time, on their lost opera, Thespis and don't collaborate again for four years. [5]
- December 27
- World's first cat show (Crystal Palace, London). [1]
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