- January 20
- Michal Bogdanowicz composer, dies at age 50. [1]
- January 21
- Portsmouth (Ohio) blacks forcibly deported. [1]
- January 28
- The opera "Fra Diavolo" is produced (Paris). [1]
- February 7
- Marcus Antonio da Fonseca Portugal Portuguese composer, dies at age 67. [1]
- February 18
- Charles G G Earl of Merode, mayor (Brussels), dies at age 67. [1]
- February 25
- Victor Hugo's "Hernani" premieres in Paris. [1]
- March 4
- V Bellini's opera "I Capuleti e i Montecchi" premieres in Venice. [1]
- March 16
- London's re-organised police force (Scotland Yard) forms. [1]
- New York Stock Exchange slowest day ever (31 shares traded). [1]
- March 26
- The Book of Mormon is first published in Palmyra, New York. [5]
- April 1
- Carl Borromaus Neuner composer, dies at age 51. [1]
- April 6
- Joseph Smith and five others organize Mormon church in Seneca County, New York. [1]
- April 11
- Robert Schumann attends piano concerto by Paganini. [1]
- April 18
- Jose Mauricio Nunes Garcia composer, dies at age 62. [1]
- April 22
- Knud L Rahbek Danish literary/historian, dies at age 69. [1]
- May 3
- First regular steam train passenger service starts. [1]
- May 13
- Republic of Ecuador is founded, with Juan Jose Flores as president. [1]
- May 16
- Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier mathematician, dies. [1]
- May 18
- Edwin Budding of England signs an agreement for manufacture of his invention, the lawn mower - Saturdays are destroyed forever. [1]
- May 20
- First railroad timetable published in newspaper (Baltimore American). [1]
- May 24
- "Mary Had A Little Lamb" is written. [1]
- First passenger rail service in US (Baltimore and Elliots Mill, Maryland). [1]
- May 28
- US Congress authorizes Indian removal from all states to western prairie. [1]
- June 18
- The French invade Algeria. [5]
- June 26
- William IV becomes new King of England. [309.83]
- July 5
- France invades Algeria, begins a 40 year conquest. [1]
- July 28
- Revolution in France replaces Charles X with Louis Philippe. [1]
- August 4
- Plans for the city of Chicago laid out. [1]
- August 25
- Belgium revolts against Netherlands. [1]
- September 9
- Charles Durant, first US aeronaut, flies a balloon from Castle Garden, New York City to Perth Amboy, New Jersey. [1]
- September 15
- First to be run-over by a railroad train (William Huskisson, England). [1]
- September 18
- A horse beats the first US-made locomotive in a race near Baltimore, Maryland. [1] [5]
- September 20
- First National Black convention meets (Philadelphia). [1]
- October 4
- Provisional government declares secession of Belgium from Netherlands. [1]
- November 13
- Oliver Wendell Holmes publishes "Old Ironsides". [1]
- December 5
- Hector Berlioz' "Symphonique fantastique" premieres in Paris. [1]
- December 8
- H Benjamin Constant French politician/writer, dies at age 63. [1]
- December 17
- Death of Simón Bolívar, President of Colombia, liberator of Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, at age 47 in Colombia. [1] [246.42]
- December 20
- England, France, Prussia, Austria and Russia recognize Belgium. [1]
- December 25
- Hector Berlioz's "Symphony Fantastic" premieres. [1]
- December 26
- Gaetano Donizetti's opera "Anna Bolena" premieres in Milan. [1]
- December 28
- Adrien-Joseph van Helmont composer, dies at age 83. [1]
1831
- January 1
- William Lloyd Garrison publishes first issue of abolitionist journal. [1]
- January 2
- Liberator, abolitionist newspaper, begins publishing in Boston. [1]
- January 3
- First US building and loan association organized, Frankford Pennsylvania. [1]
- January 4
- Nikola P Neofit Rilski Bulgaria abbot/poet, dies at age 37. [1]
- January 6
- Rodolphe Kreutzer French composer/violinist (Kreutzersonate), dies at age 64. [1]
- January 8
- Franz Vinzenz Krommer composer, dies at age 71. [1]
- January 15
- First US-built locomotive to pull a passenger train makes first run; Mr and Mrs Pierson of Charleston South Carolina make first US railroad honeymoon trip. [1]
- January 21
- Achim versus Arnim writer, dies at age 49. [1]
- January 22
- Charles Darwin takes his Bachelor of Arts exam. [1]
- February 5
- Jan van Speijk blows up his gunboat in Antwerp, killing about 30. [1]
- John CJ van Speijk commits suicide at age 29. [1]
- February 7
- Belgium adopts its Constitution. [1]
- February 14
- Vincente Guerrero Mexican revolutionary hero, dies. [1]
- February 15
- Henry Maudslay inventor (metal lathe), dies. [1]
- February 19
- First practical US coal-burning locomotive makes first trial run, Pennsylvania. [1]
- February 20
- Polish revolutionaries defeat Russians in battle of Growchow. [1]
- March 2
- John Frazee becomes first US sculptor to receive a federal commission. [1]
- March 4
- Georg Michael Telemann composer, dies at age 82. [1]
- March 6
- Edgar Allen Poe removed from West Point military academy. [1]
- Vincenzo Bellini's opera "La Sonnambula" premieres in Milan. [1]
- March 9
- Friedrich M Klinger German (stage)author (Plimplamplasko), dies at age 79. [1]
- March 12
- Johann Franz Volkert composer, dies at age 64. [1]
- March 19
- First US bank robbery (City Bank, New York/$245,000). [1]
- March 26
- Richard Allen AME Church Bishop, dies at age 71. [1]
- March 31
- Mainzer Rijnvaart Convention ends. [1]
- Québec and Montréal incorporated. [1]
- April 2
- Charles Felix blind King of Sardina (1821-31), dies at age 74. [1]
- April 7
- At age 5, new ruler of Brazil after the abdication of his father Emperor Dom Pedro, is Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga. [1] [503.15]
- April 9
- Robert Jenkins loses an ear, starts war between Britain and Spain. [1]
- April 13
- Ferdinand Kauer composer, dies at age 80. [1]
- May 1
- Antonius van Alphen apostle vicar of De Bosch, dies at age 82. [1]
- May 5
- Friedrich Ludwig Seidel composer, dies at age 65. [1]
- May 13
- Christian G Körner German lawyer, dies at age 74. [1]
- May 24
- Benjamin Carr composer, dies at age 62. [1]
- May 26
- Georg Hermes German philosopher/theologist (Hermenianen), dies. [1]
- June 6
- Second national black convention (Philadelphia). [1]
- (month unknown)
- A hoard of 360,000 medieval coins is discovered in Tutbury, England. [625.7]
- July 4
- James Monroe, 5th US president, dies. [1] [248.43]
- July 21
- Belgium gains independence from Netherland, Leopold I made king. [1]
- August 1
- A new London Bridge opens in England. [1] [5]
- August 9
- First US steam engine train run (Albany to Schenectady, New York). [1]
- August 10
- Former slave Nat Turner led violent insurrection against slavery. [1]
- August 13
- Nat Turner leads uprising of slaves in Virginia. [1]
- August 21
- Nat Turner slave revolt kills 55 (Southampton County, Virginia). [1]
- August 24
- Charles Darwin is asked to travel on the HMS Beagle. [5]
- October 19
- Assets of the Bank of the United States are liquidated at public auction. [539.42] [555.30]
- November 11
- Nat Turner former slave, led a violent insurrection, hanged in Virginia. [1]
- November 22
- The opera "Robert Le Diable" is produced (Paris). [1]
- December 1
- Erie Canal closes for entire month due to cold weather. [1]
- December 2
- Traugott Maximilian Eberwein composer, dies at age 56. [1]
- December 5
- Former President John Quincy Adams takes his seat as member of House of Representatives. [1]
- December 8
- James Hoban architect who designed the White House, dies. [1]
- December 10
- "Spirit of the Times" begins publishing (weekly horse racing sheet). [1]
- December 11
- John George Schetky composer, dies at age 55. [1]
- December 15
- Paul R Cantzlaar Governor of Saba/Curaçao/Dutch-West Indies, dies at age 60. [1]
- December 18
- Willem Bilderdijk Dutch poet/literary (My Relief), dies at age 75. [1]
- December 25
- Louisiana and Arkansas are first states to observe Christmas as holiday. [1]
- December 26
- Vincenzo Bellini's opera "Norma" premieres in Milan. [1]
- December 27
- Darwin begins his voyage to South America on board the HMS Beagle. [1]
1832
- January 4
- Insurrection of Trinidad negroes. [1]
- January 6
- New England Anti-Slavery Society organizes (Boston). [1]
- January 16
- Charles Darwin lands at San Tiago, Cape Verde. [1]
- January 17
- Johannes van den Bosch appointed Governor-General of Dutch-Indies. [1]
- February 1
- Ecco Epkema Dutch classic linguist (Frisian/Old Frisian), dies at age 71. [1]
- February 3
- George Crabbe English vicar/poet (Borough), dies at age 77. [1]
- February 6
- First appearance of cholera at Edinburgh, Scotland. [1]
- US ship destroys Sumatran village in retaliation for piracy. [1]
- February 10
- Antonio Benedetto Maria Puccini composer, dies at age 84. [1]
- February 12
- Ecuador annexes Galápagos Islands. [1]
- February 13
- First appearance of cholera at London. [1]
- February 15
- Hardenack Otto Conrad Zinck composer, dies at age 85. [1]
- February 16
- HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin reaches St-Pauls (1 degrees N, 29 degrees W). [1]
- February 20
- Charles Darwin visits Fernando Noronha in Atlantic Ocean. [1]
- February 22
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe poet, Weimar, Germany. [1]
- February 26
- Polish constitution abolished/replaced by Czar Nicholas I. [1]
- February 29
- Charles Darwin visits jungle near Bahia Brazil. [1]
- March 10
- Muzio Clementi Italian composer, dies at age 79. [1]
- March 12
- Daniel Friedrich Kuhlau German/Danish opera composer, dies at age 45. [1]
- March 22
- J W Goethe writer, dies at age 82. [1]
- March 23
- British Parliament passes reform bill. [1]
- Vaclav Vilem Wurfel composer, dies at age 41. [1]
- March 24
- Mormon Joseph Smith beaten, tarred and feathered in Ohio. [1]
- April 1
- Robert the Hermit US ex-slave/hermit in Massachusetts, dies. [1]
- April 4
- Charles Darwin aboard HMS Beagle reaches Rio de Janeiro. [1]
- April 8
- Charles Darwin begins trip through Rio de Janeiro. [1]
- April 20
- US Congress passes legislation making the Hot Springs Reservation in Arkansas the first nationally protected area in the USA. [389.54] [551.1]
- May 4
- Jan van Speyck Dutch Admiral, buried in New Church. [1]
- May 7
- Greece becomes independent republic. [1]
- Otto of Bavaria is chosen king of Greece. [1]
- May 12
- Gaetano Donizetti's opera "L'Elisir D'amore" premieres in Milan. [1]
- May 13
- Georges Cuvier French zoologist (La Règne Animal), dies at age 62. [1]
- May 14
- Felix Mendelssohn's "Hebrides" premieres. [1]
- John van Speijk Dutch heroic sailor, buried. [1]
- May 15
- Carl Friedrich Zelter composer, dies at age 73. [1]
- May 18
- Bonafacio Asioli composer, dies at age 62. [1]
- May 21
- First Democratic National Convention (Baltimore). [1]
- May 26
- François-Louis Perne composer, dies at age 59. [1]
- May 30
- Evariste Galois give his theory on free assembly (dies in duel May 31). [1]
- May 31
- Évariste Galois French revolutionary/mathematician, dies at age 20. [1]
- June 4
- Third national black convention meets (Philadelphia). [1]
- June 5
- Belgium authorizes a franc coin, based on the French model. [411.46] [498.66]
- July 4
- "America" first sung publicly. [1]
- July 13
- Henry Rowe Schoolcraft discovers the source of the Mississippi River. [1] [5]
- July 25
- First railroad accident in US, Granite Railway, Quincy, Mass-1 dies. [1]
- August 2
- 1,300 Illinois militia defeat Sac and Fox indians, end Black Hawk War. [1]
- Black Hawk defeated (Iowa). [1]
- Whites decimate Indians in Battle of Bad Axe River, Wisc. [1]
- August 15
- Gregory XVI encyclical On liberalism and religious indifferentism. [1]
- November 14
- First streetcar (horse-drawn) (John Mason) debuts in New York City; fare 12c rode on 4th Avenue between Prince and 14th Sts. [1]
- November 23
- French take Antwerp in liberation of Belgium. [1]
- November 24
- South Carolina passes Ordinance of Nullification. [1]
- November 26
- First streetcar railway in America starts operating (New York City) (12-cent fare). [1]
- December 4
- French army begins bombing citadel of Antwerp. [1]
- December 5
- Andrew Jackson re-elected President of US, Martin Van Buren Vice-President. [1]
- December 17
- HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin sails in Strait Le Maire. [1]
- December 18
- Charles Darwin visits Vurland. [1]
- December 22
- HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin reaches Barnevelts Islands. [1]
- Ishmail Spicer composer, dies at age 72. [1]
- December 23
- Dutch troops in Antwerp surrender. [1]
- December 24
- First US Negro hospital founded by whites chartered, Savannah Georgia. [1]
- HMS Beagle anchors in Wigwam Bay at Cape Receiver. [1]
- December 25
- Charles Darwin celebrates Christmas in Saint Martin at Cape Receiver. [1]
- December 28
- John Calhoun becomes first Vice-President to resign (differences with President Jackson). [1]
1833
- January 1
- British government demands Falkland islands. [1]
- Curaçao census 2,602 whites, 6,531 free people and 5,894 slaves. [1]
- January 3
- Britain seizes control of Falkland Islands in South Atlantic. [1]
- January 7
- Ramon Felix Cuellar y Altarriba composer, dies at age 55. [1]
- January 8
- Boston Academy of Music, first US music school, established. [1]
- January 10
- Adrien Marie Legendre dies. [1]
- Antoinio da Silva Leite composer, dies at age 73. [1]
- Felix Mendelssohn's "Die erste Walpurgisnacht" premieres in Berlin. [1]
- January 12
- Marie-Antoine Carème author (Pattissier Royal Parisien), dies at age 48. [1]
- January 15
- HMS Beagle anchors at Goeree Tierra del Fuego. [1]
- January 17
- James Ball Antyne Scot founder (Ball Antyne Press), dies at about age 60. [1]
- William Rush Indian sculptor (Spirit of the Schuylkill), dies. [1]
- January 19
- Charles Darwin reaches Straits Ponsonby, Fireland. [1]
- Louis-J-Ferdinand Hérold French composer (Pré aux clercs), dies at age 41. [1]
- January 23
- Joseph Pease, a Quaker, admitted to Parliament on his affirmation. [1]
- January 26
- Gaetano Donizetti's opera "Lucrezia Borgia" premieres in Milan. [1]
- February 18
- Georg Johann Schinn composer, dies at age 64. [1]
- Ignac Ruzitska composer, dies at age 55. [1]
- March 7
- Rahel Varnhagen von Ense-Levin German author, dies at age 61. [1]
- March 11
- Fridolin Weber composer, dies at age 71. [1]
- March 16
- Susan Hayhurst becomes first US woman grad of a pharmacy college. [1]
- March 17
- Phoenix Society forms (New York). [1]
- March 20
- US and Siam conclude commercial treaty. [1]
- April 7
- Antoni Henryk Radziwill Lithuanian/Polish composer, dies at age 57. [1]
- April 9
- First tax-supported public library (Peterborough New Hampshire). [1]
- April 22
- First scheduled commercial bus service by London & Paddington Steam Carriage Company, between Paddington and London, England. [55.29]
- Richard Trevithick inventor (steam locomotive), dies at age 62. [1]
- April 24
- Patent granted for first soda fountain to Jacob Evert and George Dulty. [1]
- May 2
- Czar Nicolas bans public sale of serfs. [1]
- May 6
- John Deere makes first steel plow. [1]
- May 10
- François Andrieux French writer/politician, dies at age 74. [1]
- May 11
- "Lady-of-the-Lake" strikes iceberg and sinks in N Atlantic; kills 215. [1]
- May 14
- Johann Wilhelm Cornelius von Konigslow composer, dies at age 88. [1]
- May 15
- Edmund Kean English actor (Shylock), dies at age 46. [1]
- May 16
- Antonio López de Santa Anna becomes President of Mexico. [118.61]
- May 28
- Johann Christian Friedrich Haeffner composer, dies at age 74. [1]
- May 29
- William Marshall composer, dies at age 84. [1]
- May 30
- Josef Slavik composer, dies at age 27. [1]
- June 3
- 4th national black convention meets (Philadelphia). [1]
- Antonio López de Santa Anna resigns as President of Mexico. [118.61]
- June 5
- Ada Lovelace (future first computer programmer) meets Charles Babbage. [1]
- June 6
- U.S. President Andrew Jackson becomes the first President to ride a train. [5]
- June 18
- Antonio López de Santa Anna becomes President (2nd time) of Mexico. [118.61]
- June 27
- Prudence Crandall, a white woman, arrested for conducting an academy. [1]
- July 5
- Antonio López de Santa Anna resigns (2nd time) as President of Mexico. [118.61]
- August 10
- Chicago incorporates as a village of about 200. [1]
- August 23
- Britain abolishes slavery in colonies; 700,000 slaves freed. [1]
- September 3
- New York Sun begins publishing (first daily newspaper). [1]
- September 4
- First newsboy hired (Barney Flaherty-New York Sun). [1]
- September 28
- Lemuel Haynes Revolutionary War veteran, dies at age 88. [1]
- October 2
- New York Anti-Slavery Society organized. [1]
- October 27
- Antonio López de Santa Anna becomes President (3rd time) of Mexico. [118.61]
- October 29
- First US college fraternity to have a fraternity house founded. [1]
- December 3
- Oberlin College in Ohio, first truly coeducational college opens. [1]
- December 4
- American Anti-Slavery Society formed by Arthur Tappan in Philadelphia. [1]
- December 6
- HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin departs Rio de la Plata. [1]
- December 10
- Dieudonne-Pascal Pieltain composer, dies at age 79. [1]
- December 13
- HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin arrives in Port Deseado, Patagonie. [1]
- December 15
- Antonio López de Santa Anna resigns (3rd time) as President of Mexico. [118.61]
- December 16
- Friedrich August Kanne composer, dies at age 55. [1]
- December 17
- Kaspar Hauser German son of grand duke Karel of Bathe, murdered at age 21. [1]
- December 25
- Charles Darwin celebrates Christmas in Port Desire, Patagonia. [1]
1834
- January 1
- German Customs Union comes into force. [1] [37]
- January 5
- Kiowa Indians record this as the night the stars fell. [1]
- January 9
- HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin arrives in Port San Julian, Patagonia. [1]
- January 29
- President Jackson orders first use of US troops to suppress a labor dispute. [1]
- February 4
- Amelie Julia Candielle composer, dies at age 66. [1]
- February 12
- Friedrich Schleiermacher German theologist/philosopher, dies at age 65. [1]
- February 16
- Lionel Lukin life boat pioneer, dies. [1]
- February 18
- First US labor newspaper, "The Man", published, New York City, New York. [1]
- February 26
- First US interstate crime compact (New York-New Jersey) ratified. [1]
- March 6
- Toronto incorporated with William Lyon Mackenzie as its first mayor. [1]
- March 12
- Karl W Feuerbach mathematician (circle of Feuerbach), dies at age 33. [1]
- March 16
- HMS Beagle anchors at Berkeley Sound, Falkland Islands. [1]
- March 18
- First railroad tunnel in US completed, in Pennsylvania (275 metre long). [1]
- March 28
- US Senate censure President Jackson for taking federal deposits from Bank of US. [1]
- April 13
- HMS Beagle anchors at river mouth of Rio Santa Cruz, Patagonia. [1]
- April 18
- Charles Darwin sails to Rio Santa Cruz up Patagonia. [1]
- April 24
- Antonio López de Santa Anna becomes President (4th time) of Mexico. [118.61]
- April 29
- Charles Darwin's expedition sees top of Andes from Patagonia. [1]
- May 1
- British colonies abolish slavery. [241.9]
- Belgian parliament accept railway laws. [1]
- May 4
- Charles Darwin's expedition reaches 200 km from Atlantic Ocean. [1]
- May 5
- Charles Darwin's expedition begins at Rio Santa Cruz. [1]
- May 8
- Charles Darwin's expedition returns to the Beagle. [1]
- Prussia, Austria and Russia sign classified accord about Belgium. [1]
- May 20
- Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert de Motier nobleman, dies. [1]
- Marquis de Lafayette French general, dies. [1]
- May 23
- Charles Wesley composer, dies at age 76. [1]
- May 26
- Portuguese Civil war ends, Dom Miguel capitulates. [1]
- June 2
- 5th national black convention meet (New York City). [1]
- June 14
- Hardhat diving suit patented by Leonard Norcross, Dixfield, Maine. [1]
- Sandpaper patented by Isaac Fischer Jr, Springfield, Vermont. [1]
- June 21
- Cyrus Hall McCormick patents reaping machine. [1]
- June 30
- US Congress creates Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). [1]
- July 5
- Provisional government established in Oregon Country. [1]
- August 1
- Slavery abolished in British empire. [1]
- August 18
- Mount Vesuvius erupts. [1]
- November 1
- First published reference to poker (as Mississippi riverboat game). [1]
- November 14
- William Thomson enters Glasgow University at age 10 years 4 months. [1]
- November 25
- Delmonico's, one of New York's finest restaurants, provides a meal of soup, steak, coffee and half a pie for 12 cents. [1]
- December 3
- First US dental society organized (New York). [1]
- December 6
- Jonas Daniel Meyer Dutch lawyer, dies at age 54. [1]
- December 7
- Ludwig Schuncke composer, dies at age 23. [1]
- December 23
- Joseph Hansom of London receives patent for Hansom cabs. [1]
- December 25
- Charles Darwin celebrates Christmas on Beagle at Tres Montes, Chile. [1]
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