- January 19
- Birth of George Blake Cosby Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1909. [1]
- January 23
- Birth of Gaston AA Marquis de Gallifet French General /minister of War (1899-1900). [1]
- January 27
- Birth of Georg Hellmesberger composer. [1]
- Birth of William Henry Fitzhugh Payne Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
- January 31
- Birth of James Gillespie Blaine West Brownsville Pennsylvania, (Representative-Republican-Maine 1863-76/Senator-Republican-Maine 1876-81/Secretary of State 1889-92). [1]
- February 3
- Birth of Robert Cecil Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative), British Prime Minister (1885-1902). [1]
- February 6
- Birth of Marcellus Monroe Crocker Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (died in 1865). [1]
- February 9
- Birth of Abdül Aziz Istanbul Ottoman, 32nd sultan of Turkey (1861-76). [1]
- February 11
- Birth of Hans Bronsart von Schellendorf composer. [1]
- Birth of Peter Arnold Heise composer. [1]
- March 12
- Birth of William Felix Brantley Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1870. [1]
- March 15
- Birth of Paul von Heyse Germany, writer (Nobel Prize 1910). [1]
- March 18
- Birth of Numa D Fustel de Coulanges French historian/sociologist. [1]
- March 20
- Birth of Eugene Asa Carr Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1910. [1]
- March 25
- Birth of Julius Caesar cricket player (prominent batsman for Surrey). [1]
- March 26
- Birth of Eliza Laurillard Dutch vicar/poet/writer. [1]
- Birth of John Rogers Thomas composer. [1]
- March 30
- Birth of Auguste Tolbecque composer. [1]
- Birth of Julius F A Bahnsen German philosopher. [1]
- April 5
- Birth of Alexander Muir Lesmahagow Scotland, poet (The Maple Leaf Forever). [1]
- April 6
- Birth of James Augustine Healy Macon Georgia, first black Roman Catholic bishop. [1]
- April 9
- Birth of Eadweard Muybridge England, pioneered study of motion, photography. [1]
- April 13
- Birth of Eduard Lassen composer. [1]
- April 19
- Birth of Rudolf Cornely German bible expert/jesuit. [1]
- April 29
- Birth of Adolph Sutro San Francisco mayor, built Cliff House, railways, tunnels. [1]
- April 30
- Birth of Davis Tillson Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1895. [1]
- May 1
- Birth of Mary Harris Jones [Mother Jones], hell-raiser. [1]
- May 6
- Birth of Guido Gezelle Flemish priest/poet. [1]
- May 10
- Birth of François M Raoult French physicist/chemist (law of Raoult). [1]
- May 11
- Birth of John Converse Starkweather Brigadier General (Union volunteers). [1]
- May 13
- Birth of Zebulon Baird Vance Governor (Confederacy), died in 1894. [1]
- May 14
- Birth of George Pierce Doles Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1864. [1]
- May 15
- Birth of Laurence Simmons Baker Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1907. [1]
- Birth of Martinus W van der Aa author/Dutch head-editor (The Time). [1]
- May 18
- Birth of Karl Goldmark Keszthely Hungary, composer (Sakuhtala). [1]
- May 20
- Birth of Amalia princess of Saxon-Weimar-Eisenach/wife of prince Henry. [1]
- Birth of Hector H Malot French writer (Without Family). [1]
- May 25
- Birth of Jules de Geyter Belgian poet (International). [1]
- May 28
- Birth of George Lucas Hartsuff Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1874. [1]
- Birth of Karoly Filtsch composer. [1]
- May 30
- Birth of Edward Winslow Hinks Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- September 8
- Birth of Frédéric Mistral Provençal poet (Nobel Prize 1904). [1]
- September 15
- Birth of Porfirio Díaz soldier, president of Mexico (1877-1911). [1]
- October 5
- Birth of Chester Alan Arthur in Fairfield, Vermont, USA; 21st US President (Republican, 1881-85). [1] [525.44]
- October 10
- Birth of Queen Isabella II Queen of Spain (1833-68). [1]
- October 30
- Birth of John S Bowen Major-General (Confederate). [1]
- December 5
- Birth of Christina Rossetti London, poet (Winter Rain, Passing Away). [1]
- December 7
- Birth of Luigi Cremona Italian mathematician/minister of Education. [1]
- December 10
- Birth of Emily Dickinson Amherst Massachusetts, poet (Collected Poems). [1]
- Birth of Kálmán Tisza premier of Hungary (1875-90). [1]
- December 12
- Birth of Joseph Orville Shelby Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), died in 1897. [1]
- December 14
- Birth of Allen Thomas Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), died in 1907. [1]
- December 15
- Birth of Francesco D'Arcais composer. [1]
- December 16
- Birth of John Frederick Hartranft Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1889. [1]
- December 17
- Birth of Jules de Goncourt France, novelist (Germinie). [1]
- December 22
- Birth of Justin M'Carthy Ireland, Irish politician/novelist (Miss Misanthrope). [1]
- December 23
- Birth of Adam Minchejmer composer. [1]
- December 29
- Birth of Ezra Meeker in Huntsville, Ohio, USA; sculptor, co-founder of Puyallup Washington, grower of hops, promoter of the Oregon Trail. [663.44]
- December 31
- Birth of Ismail Pasha; kedive of Egypt (1863-79). [1]
1831
- January 1
- Birth of William Joseph Westbrook composer. [1]
- January 2
- Birth of Justin Winston historian/librarian (Harvard). [1]
- January 11
- Birth of James Ronald Chalmers Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1898. [1]
- January 14
- Birth of John Bullock Clark Jr Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1903. [1]
- January 18
- Birth of Edward Ferrero Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1899. [1]
- January 20
- Birth of Pieter J Joubert General (South Africa). [1]
- January 26
- Birth of Mary Mapes Dodge New York City, New York, writer (Hans Brinker and the Silver Skates). [1]
- January 28
- Birth of Henry Brevard Davidson Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1899. [1]
- February 3
- Birth of Cyrus Ballou Comstock Brevet Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1910. [1]
- February 9
- Birth of John M. Eckfeldt; US Mint Chief Coiner. [477.74]
- February 12
- Birth of John Morrissey boxer/developer of Saratoga Springs horse race track. [1]
- February 13
- Birth of John Aaron Rawlins Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1869. [1]
- February 16
- Birth of Nikolai Leskow writer. [1]
- February 17
- Birth of Francisco Salvador Daniel composer. [1]
- February 21
- Birth of Eduard Rappoldi composer. [1]
- February 23
- Birth of Hendrik W Mesdag Dutch painter (Panorama Mesdag). [1]
- February 24
- Birth of Georg Leo earl von Caprivi German chancellor/premier of Prussia. [1]
- February 26
- Birth of Filippo Marchetti composer. [1]
- March 1
- Birth of Hiram Bronson Granbury Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1864. [1]
- March 3
- Birth of George M Pullman inventor (railway sleeping car). [1]
- March 6
- Birth of Friedrich C K von Bodelschwingh German theologist (Home Mission). [1]
- Birth of Philip Henry Sheridan in Albany, New York, USA; four-star general, Union Army (dies 1888). [1] [501.128]
- March 7
- Birth of John Bratton [Old Reliable], US physician/Confederate Brigadier General. [1]
- March 12
- Birth of Clement Studebaker automobile pioneer (Studebaker). [1]
- March 14
- Birth of Leon Leopold Lewandoski composer. [1]
- March 15
- Birth of Edward Aylesworth Perry Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
- March 29
- Birth of Amelia Barr writer. [1]
- March 31
- Birth of Archibald Scott Scottish chemist. [1]
- April 4
- Birth of Edward Cary Walthall Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1898. [1]
- April 8
- Birth of Allard Pierson Dutch theologiost/philosopher/art historian/poet. [1]
- April 12
- Birth of Constantin Meunier Belgian painter/sculptor. [1]
- Birth of George Burgwyn Anderson Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
- Birth of Grenville Mellen Dodge Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- April 14
- Birth of Gerhard Rohlfs German explorer/ambassador in Abyssinia. [1]
- April 22
- Birth of Alexander McDowell McCook Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- May 13
- Birth of Willem baron of Goltstein of Oldenaller Dutch minister of Colonies. [1]
- May 16
- Birth of David Edward Hughes inventor (microphone, teleprinter). [1]
- May 24
- Birth of Richard Hoffman composer. [1]
- May 28
- Birth of Eliza Ann Gardner underground railway conductor. [1]
- June 1
- Birth of John B Hood confederate general (lost Atlanta). [1]
- June 13
- Birth of James Clerk Maxwell physicist, formulated electromagnetic theory. [1]
- June 28
- Birth of Joseph Joachim Kittsee Germany, violinist (Hungarian Concerto). [1]
- August 28
- Birth of Lucy Ware Webb in Chillicothe, Ohio, USA; spouse of US President Ruthorford B. Hayes. [1] [692.65]
- October 6
- Birth of Richard Dedekind mathematician (Nature and Meaning of Numbers). [1]
- October 15
- Birth of Helen Maria Hunt Jackson author (Ramona). [1]
- November 13
- Birth of James Maxwell Edinburgh Scotland, physicist (Treatise on Electricity). [1]
- November 19
- Birth of James A. Garfield in Orange Township, Ohio, USA; President of Eclectic Institute (1857), Senator for Ohio (1859-61), colonel and major general of 42nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry regiment (1861-63), US House of Representatives for Ohio (1862-79), 20th President of the USA (1881). [1] [718.50]
- December 6
- Birth of Joshua Woodrow Sill Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1862. [1]
- December 10
- Birth of Alexander Conze German archaeologist. [1]
- December 19
- Birth of Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop Hawaii. [1]
- December 22
- Birth of Mark Rutherford writer. [1]
- Birth of Robert Ogden Tyler Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1874. [1]
- December 25
- Birth of Johann Herbeck composer. [1]
- December 27
- Birth of Lucius Fairchild Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1896. [1]
- December 29
- Birth of Adam Badeau Brevet Brigadier-General (Union volunteers), died in 1895. [1]
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